“接天蓮葉無(wú)窮碧,映日荷花別樣紅。”《中國(guó)天文年歷》顯示,6月21日17時(shí)14分迎來(lái)2022年“夏至”節(jié)氣。
天象預(yù)報(bào)
夏至——小暑
太陽(yáng)
從金牛座運(yùn)行至雙子座。目前太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)性有所增強(qiáng),太陽(yáng)正面南北半球都有數(shù)群黑子,可通過(guò)帶減光的望遠(yuǎn)鏡觀測(cè)。
月亮
7月7日10時(shí)14分上弦月,月亮中午升起,傍晚高懸于南方天空。
水星
從金牛座運(yùn)行至雙子座。水星已過(guò)西大距,觀測(cè)條件逐漸變差,日出前出現(xiàn)在東方低空。
金星
在金牛座順行。日出前在東方低空,肉眼可見(jiàn),非常明亮。
火星
在雙魚(yú)座順行。6月23日02:16火星合月,南太平洋部分地區(qū)可見(jiàn)月掩火星,我國(guó)可見(jiàn)殘?jiān)屡c火星相伴而升。
木星
從雙魚(yú)座順行至鯨魚(yú)座。6月29日木星西方照,觀測(cè)條件越來(lái)越好,日出時(shí)可見(jiàn)于東南方。
土星
在摩羯座逆行。夜晚11點(diǎn)左右升起,后半夜至黎明前都可以觀測(cè)。
小知識(shí)
地球圍繞太陽(yáng)運(yùn)行的軌道并非正圓形,而是偏心率為0.0167的橢圓,因此日地距離并不固定,遠(yuǎn)日點(diǎn)比近日點(diǎn)遠(yuǎn)約500萬(wàn)千米。2022年7月4日15時(shí)11分地球通過(guò)軌道遠(yuǎn)日點(diǎn),日地距離1.0167天文單位,約1億5210萬(wàn)公里,太陽(yáng)視直徑31′28″,是年度最小的太陽(yáng),大約比今年1月4日地球通過(guò)近日點(diǎn)時(shí)所見(jiàn)的日面視直徑小了約3.4%。橢圓的軌道也導(dǎo)致了太陽(yáng)周年運(yùn)動(dòng)是不均勻的,過(guò)遠(yuǎn)日點(diǎn)時(shí)最慢,過(guò)近日點(diǎn)時(shí)最快,各季節(jié)的長(zhǎng)度也不相等。例如:2021年秋分(9月23日3時(shí)21分)到2022年春分(3月20日23時(shí)33分)時(shí)長(zhǎng)是178天20小時(shí)12分;2022年春分到2022年秋分(9月23日9時(shí)4分)的時(shí)長(zhǎng)是186天9小時(shí)31分。
日地距離的變化并非四季的成因,相反,地球過(guò)遠(yuǎn)日點(diǎn)時(shí),北半球正值炎熱的夏季。四季變化主要受黃赤交角的影響,由于黃赤交角的存在,太陽(yáng)在地球上的直射點(diǎn)在南北緯23°26′之間移動(dòng)。夏季,北半球的太陽(yáng)光照射角度高、光照時(shí)間長(zhǎng),接收到的輻射能量多,因此炎熱。
The Summer Solstice
On June 21st, 17:14 (Beijing time), the longitude of the sun reaches 90 o, which marks the tenth solar term of Year 2022—Summer Solstice. At this time, the Sun is at the northernmost point on the ecliptic and shines vertically towards the Tropic of Cancer. At Summer Solstice, the Northern Hemisphere experiences the longest day and shortest night of the year; however, because of the difference between true solar time and mean solar time, Summer Solstice is not the day on which the Sun rises the earliest or sets the latest.
Astronomical Forecast
Summer Solstice——Minor Heat
⊙The Sun
The sun travels from Taurus to Gemini. Currently, solar activities are increasing. On the front surface of the Sun, several groups of sun spots can be observed on both northern and southern hemisphere through a telescope with a light filter device.
?The Moon
On July 7th, 10:14, the moon is the first quarter moon. It rises at noon and hangs high in the southern sky at dusk.
?Mercury
Mercury travels from Taurus to Gemini. It has already passed its greatest western elongation, making it harder to be observed. It appears in the low eastern sky before sunrise.
♀Venus
Venus travels in prograde motion in Taurus. Before sunrise, it appears in the low eastern sky. Extremely bright Venus can be seen with the naked eye.
♂Mars
Mars travels in prograde motion in Pisces. It is at conjunction with the Moon on June 23rd, 02:16. In some areas in the Southern Pacific Ocean, people can see Mars occulting the Moon. In China, the waning moon can be seen rising with Mars.
?Jupiter
Jupiter travels in prograde motion from Pisces to Cetus. It experiences western quadrature on June 29th and becomes more and more suitable for observation. It can be seen on the south-eastern sky before sunrise.
?Saturn
Saturn travels in retrograde motion in Capricornus. It rises at 11 pm and can be observed from midnight to dawn.
輪值主編:張旸
制作、編輯:王科超
英文版設(shè)計(jì):朱曼清
(金陵中學(xué))ZHU manqing